I was reviewing pathologic cases in the elbow an realized the fun never stops. There are endless iterations of infection, cancer, effusion that will result in similar pathologies. Rather than draw each, I thought I'd articulate a few ultrasound highlights that indicate underlying process:
- Bony irregulars: osteochondral growth, intra-articular bodies, osteoid osteomoa, infection
- Synovial hypertrophy: synovial fold syndrome, chondromatosis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, rheumatoid arthritis
- Nerve compression
- Displaced fat pad
That being said, there is one that is particulary fascinating I will illustrate: fracture on ultrasound
What:
Radius
Brachioradialis muscle body
Capitellum (humerus)
Where? Radial neck, the interface between radius and humeral capitellum
Note: bony step off with hypoechogeneic underlying bone. Also notice soft tissue effusion surrounding site.
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